{"id":5565,"date":"2021-11-25T23:19:57","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T23:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cubasupport.ie\/latest\/?p=5565"},"modified":"2021-11-25T23:20:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T23:20:01","slug":"cubas-vaccine-could-end-up-saving-millions-of-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cubasupport.ie\/latest\/cubas-vaccine-could-end-up-saving-millions-of-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba\u2019s Vaccine Could End up Saving Millions of Lives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

BYBRANKO MARCETIC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thanks to its public biotech sector and its government\u2019s deep commitment to public health, Cuba is now the only low-income country to have made its own COVID vaccine. It\u2019s already helped millions of Cubans, and it\u2019s poised to help millions more around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A medical worker displays a dose of Cuba’s Soberana 02 vaccine against COVID-19 at a school in Havana, Cuba, Sept. 16, 2021. TO GO WITH “Feature: Cuba starts to inoculate children, adolescents against COVID-19 in schools” (Photo by Joaquin Hernandez\/Xinhua via Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Much of the press coverage of Cuba last week focused on the anti-government protests that\u00a0didn\u2019t eventuate<\/a>. Less covered has been something of potentially greater global significance: its vaccination drive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After a dire twelve months, when a too hasty reopening sent the pandemic surging, deaths peaking, and the country back into a crippling shutdown, a successful vaccination program has turned the pandemic around in the country. Cuba is now one of the few lower-income countries to have not only vaccinated a majority of its population, but the only one to have done so with a vaccine it developed on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The saga suggests a path forward for the developing world as it continues struggling with the pandemic in the face of ongoing corporate-driven vaccine apartheid<\/a>, and points more broadly to what\u2019s possible when medical science is decoupled from private profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Safer Gamble<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

According to Johns Hopkins University<\/a>, as of the time of writing, Cuba has fully vaccinated 78 percent of its people, putting it ninth in the world, above wealthy countries like Denmark, China, and Australia (the United States, with a little below 60 percent of its population vaccinated, is ranked fifty-sixth). The turnaround since the vaccination campaign began in May has revived the country\u2019s fortunes in the face of the twin shocks of the pandemic and an intensifying US blockade<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After a peak of nearly ten thousand infections and close to one hundred deaths each day, both figures have now plummeted. With 100 percent of the country having taken at least one vaccine dose by the end of last month, the country reopened its borders on November 15 to tourism, roughly a tenth of its economy, and has reopened schools. This makes Cuba an outlier among low-income countries<\/a>, which have vaccinated only 2.8 percent of their combined populations. This is owed largely to vaccine hoarding<\/a> by the developed world and their jealous guarding<\/a> of patent monopolies, which bar poorer countries from developing generic versions of the vaccines that were produced through public funding<\/a> in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key to this outcome was Cuba\u2019s decision to develop its own vaccines, two of which \u2014 Abdala, named for a poem<\/a> penned by an independence hero, and Soberana 2, Spanish for \u201csovereign\u201d \u2014 were finally given official regulatory approval in July and August. In the words<\/a> of Vicente V\u00e9rez Bencomo, the internationally acclaimed head of the country\u2019s Finlay Vaccine Institute, the country was \u201cbetting it safe\u201d by waiting longer to manufacture its own vaccines. This way, it would avoid dependence on bigger allies like Russia and China while adding a new commercial export at a time of ongoing economic hardship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These efforts are already underway<\/a>. Vietnam, with only 39 percent of its population fully vaccinated, inked a deal to buy 5 million vaccine doses, with Cuba recently shipping more than 1 million of them to its communist ally, 150,000 of which were donated. Venezuela (32 percent fully vaccinated) also agreed to buy $12 million worth of the three-dose vaccine and has already started administering it, while Iran<\/a> (51 percent) and Nigeria<\/a> (1.6 percent) have agreed to partner with the country to develop their own homegrown vaccines. Syria (4.2 percent) has recently discussed<\/a> with Cuban officials the prospect of doing the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The two vaccines are part of a suite of five COVID vaccines Cuba is developing. That includes a vaccine delivered nasally that\u2019s progressed to Phase II of clinical studies, one of only five vaccines in the entire world that have a nasal application, according<\/a> to one of its top scientists, that could be particularly useful if proven to be safe and effective, given the virus\u2019s entry through the nasal cavity. It also includes a booster shot specially designed to work for those already inoculated with other vaccines, and which was recently trialed on Italian tourists<\/a>. Since September, Cuba\u2019s been in the process of getting World Health Organization approval<\/a> for its vaccines, which would open the door to its widespread adoption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Different Vaccine<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Several aspects make Cuba\u2019s vaccines unique besides their country of origin, according to Helen Yaffe, senior lecturer in economic and social history at the University of Glasgow. At the heart of it is Cuba\u2019s decision to pursue<\/a> a more traditional protein vaccine rather than the more experimental mRNA technology used for the COVID vaccines we\u2019ve become familiar with, which had been in development<\/a> for decades before the onset of the pandemic led to a breakthrough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, Cuba\u2019s vaccine can be kept in a fridge or even at room temperature, as opposed to the subpolar temperatures<\/a> the Pfizer vaccine has to be stored at or the freezer temperatures Moderna\u2019s vaccine requires<\/a>. \u201cIn the Global South, where huge amounts of the population have no access to electricity, it\u2019s just another technological obstacle,\u201d says Yaffe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And while the mRNA technology, which has never been used on kids<\/a> before, has meant a lag between adult and child vaccination in the developed world \u2014 and means vaccines for kids under five are still being developed<\/a> \u2014 Cuba aimed from the outset to create a vaccine that kids could take. As of this month, it\u2019s fully vaccinated<\/a> more than four-fifths of all kids aged two to eighteen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While roughly two-thirds of all kids<\/a> were shut out from school in Latin America and the Caribbean as of September, Cuba has now reopened its classrooms. Gloria La Riva, an activist and independent reporter who has been visiting Cuba throughout the year and has been in Havana since mid-October, described the scene at the Ciudad Escolar 26 de Julio as parents and grandparents turned out for the school\u2019s reopening<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a very big thing for the families,\u201d she says. \u201cEveryone feels this enormous pride.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Power of Nonprofit<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s one more factor that sets the Cuban vaccine apart. \u201cThe Cuban vaccine is 100 percent entirely a product of a public biotech sector,\u201d says Yaffe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While in the United States and other developed countries, lifesaving medicines are developed thanks largely to public funding before their profits and distribution are ruthlessly privatized<\/a> for corporate enrichment, Cuba\u2019s biotech sector is wholly publicly owned and funded. That means Cuba has de-commodified a vital human resource \u2014 the exact opposite policy direction<\/a> that we\u2019ve seen in these last four decades of neoliberalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuba has poured billions of dollars<\/a> into creating a domestic biotech industry<\/a> since the 1980s, when a combination of an outbreak of dengue fever and new economic sanctions from then president Ronald Reagan forced its hand. Despite a crushing blockade<\/a> by the United States, responsible for a third of the world\u2019s pharmaceutical production, Cuba\u2019s biotech sector has thrived<\/a>: it makes nearly 70 percent of the roughly eight hundred medicines that Cubans consume and eight of the eleven vaccines in the country\u2019s national immunization program, and it exports<\/a> hundreds of millions of vaccines a year. The revenues are then reinvested into the sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAll these vaccines that have a very large impact on science are very expensive vaccines, economically inaccessible to the country,\u201d V\u00e9rez Bencomo said recently<\/a> about Cuba\u2019s decision to develop its own vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sector is internationally acclaimed. Cuba has won ten Gold Medals from the United Nations\u2019 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) for, among other things, developing the world\u2019s first meningitis B vaccine in 1989. In 2015, Cuba became the first country<\/a> to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis, a result<\/a> of both the retroviral drugs it had produced and its robust public health care system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, Cuba has been able to do the unthinkable, developing its own vaccine and outdoing much of the developed world in overcoming the pandemic, despite its size and level of wealth, and despite a policy of concerted economic strangulation from a hostile government off its shores. International solidarity efforts have been vital, too. When the US blockade meant a shortage of syringes<\/a> on the island, jeopardizing its vaccination campaign, solidarity groups from the United States alone sent 6 million<\/a> syringes to Cuba, with the Mexican government sending eight hundred thousand more<\/a>, and more than one hundred thousand<\/a> on top of that coming from Cubans in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Source of Hope<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Even so, there is some uncertainty around Cuba\u2019s vaccines. Their use in Venezuela has met objection<\/a> from the country\u2019s pediatric physicians unions and medical and scientific academies, on the same basis as other critics, who say the vaccine trial results haven\u2019t been peer-reviewed and published in international scientific journals. The Pan American Health Organization has called on Cuba to make the results public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For his part, V\u00e9rez Bencomo blames an international community hostile to Cuba. In a September interview, he charged<\/a> that Cuba\u2019s scientists were being discriminated against by major journals, who he said had a history of rejecting submissions from Cubans while later publishing similar research from other countries, and act as \u201ca barrier that tends to marginalize scientific results that come from poor countries.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These are pretty serious charges from a globally respected scientist. A winner of the Cuban National Chemistry Award and a 2005 WIPO Gold Medal, V\u00e9rez Bencomo led the team that worked with a Canadian scientist to develop the world\u2019s first<\/a> semisynthetic vaccine, creating a more affordable shot to protect against Haemophilus influenzae type B. Upon helping develop the low-cost vaccine against meningitis, he was barred<\/a> in 2005 from traveling to California to accept an award for it, with the George W. Bush State Department deeming his visit \u201cdetrimental to the interests of the United States.\u201d In 2015, he was made<\/a> a Knight of the Legion of Honor by France\u2019s then minister of social affairs and health, who commended him for his work and called him a \u201cfriend of France.\u201d (V\u00e9rez Bencomo did not respond to a request for an interview).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Cuba\u2019s rebound from the pandemic suggests his and the Cuban government\u2019s confidence in the vaccines isn\u2019t misplaced, it may take some more time for them to get the international scientific community\u2019s official imprimatur. Should it come, it would prove a powerful refutation of the corporate-driven vaccine model that has so far dominated, which holds that, in line with the talking points of Big Pharma, only profit-driven competition can produce the kind of lifesaving innovation the world is desperate for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps more importantly, it may be a way for the developing world to finally crawl out of the pandemic-shaped hole it looks no nearer to escaping now, months after vaccines have been rolled out in wealthy countries. Western governments have continued to oppose calls from the Global South to waive vaccine patents and allow them to manufacture or buy cheaper generic versions, leaving the vast majority of the world\u2019s people still vulnerable to the virus \u2014 and, ironically, endangering us all, should new, vaccine-resistant strains mutate in the country-sized petri dishes this unbalanced policy has created. In that sense, we should\u00a0all<\/em>\u00a0hope that Cuba\u2019s vaccines are proven as successful as its scientists are sure they are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source: The Jacobin<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BYBRANKO MARCETIC Thanks to its public biotech sector and its government\u2019s deep commitment to public health, Cuba is now the only low-income country to have […]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101011,"featured_media":5566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2601,"url":"https:\/\/www.cubasupport.ie\/latest\/cuba-moves-closer-to-our-own-covid-19-vaccine\/","url_meta":{"origin":5565,"position":0},"title":"Cuba moves closer to our own COVID-19 vaccine","author":"Editorial Team","date":"August 22, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Authorization granted to the Finlay Vaccine Institute to begin clinical trials of new vaccine in collaboration with Ministry of Public Health institutions This past July 28, Cuba\u2019s candidate vaccine was tested for the first time on human volunteers, precisely three researchers participating in its development. 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